治理研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (1): 68-80.

• 国家治理 • 上一篇    下一篇

政策试点何以悬浮?

杨宏山, 张健培   

  • 收稿日期:2022-06-21 出版日期:2023-01-15 发布日期:2023-02-21
  • 作者简介:杨宏山,中国人民大学公共管理学院教授、博士生导师;
    张健培,中国人民大学公共管理学院博士研究生。
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国特色政策试验与政府间学习机制研究”(19ZDA123);中国人民大学科学研究基金重大项目“政策试验模式的国际比较研究”(20XNL022);中国人民大学科学研究基金项目“复杂型政策试验的运作过程与多重逻辑”(22XNH041)

How does Policy Pilots Turn into Suspension: Based on Case Study of the Reform of Property Tax Pilots

Yang Hongshan, Zhang Jianpei   

  • Received:2022-06-21 Published:2023-01-15 Online:2023-02-21

摘要:

中国改革伴随着大规模的政策试点,有些试点并未产生扩散效应,地方政府也不停止试点项目,致使试点在原地打转,形成独特的试点悬浮现象。地方改革者的政绩诉求、试点反馈的弱化效应、府际学习的抑制效应构成了试点悬浮的前提条件,试点地区的正当性诉求则是悬浮现象发生的根本原因。试点悬浮需要消耗行政资源,而有价值的知识生产处于停滞状态,无助于增进对不确定性的认知。提升试点驱动知识生产的有效性,既要提供非均衡的激励安排,激发地方政府的创新动力,也要改进试验设计和评估模式,提出框架性目标,设置时限要求,建立试点报告、同行评议和声誉激励制度。

关键词: 试点悬浮, 不确定性, 政策反馈, 同行评议, 房产税试点

Abstract:

China's reform has always been accompanied by large-scale pilot policies. For those pilot programs that had no diffusion effect, local governments would not stop them. As a result, these pilot programs go around in circles, forming a unique phenomenon of pilot suspension. This study proposes an explanatory framework that pilot suspension is the product of the combined effects of local reformers' demands for political promotion, the self-weakening effect of pilot feedback, the restraining effect of inter-governmental learning, and the legitimacy of pilot decisions. Pilot suspension consumes administrative resources, and valuable knowledge production is stagnant, which does not help to improve perceptions of uncertainty. To improve the effectiveness of pilot-driven knowledge production, we should not only provide balanced incentive arrangements to stimulate innovation by local governments, but also improve pilot trial designs and evaluation modes, put forward framework goals, set time-limit requirements, and establish reporting, peer review, and reputation incentive systems.

Key words: pilot Suspension, uncertainty, policy feedback, peers Review, property tax pilot

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